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Monday, 16 December 2013
Saturday, 9 November 2013
The canvas element has no drawing abilities of its
own. All drawing must be done inside a JavaScript:
Example Program:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<canvas id="myCanvas"
width="200" height="100"
style="border:1px solid #c3c3c3;">
Your browser does not support the canvas element.
</canvas>
<script type="text/javascript">
var c=document.getElementById("myCanvas");
var cxt=c.getContext("2d");
cxt.fillStyle="#FF0000";
cxt.fillRect(0,0,150,75);
</script>
</body>
</html>
JavaScript
uses the id to find the canvas element:
|
var
c=document.getElementById("myCanvas");
|
Then,
create a context object:
|
var
cxt=c.getContext("2d");
|
The
getContext("2d") object is a built-in HTML5 object, with many methods
to draw paths, boxes, circles, characters, images and more.
The
next two lines draws a red rectangle:
|
cxt.fillStyle="#FF0000";
cxt.fillRect(0,0,150,75); |
The
fillStyle method makes it red, and the fillRect method specifies the shape,
position, and size.
What is Canvas?
The
HTML5 canvas element uses JavaScript to draw graphics on a web page.
A
canvas is a rectangular area, and you control every pixel of it.
The
canvas element has several methods for drawing paths, boxes, circles,
characters, and adding images.
Create a Canvas Element
Add
a canvas element to the HTML5 page.
Specify
the id, width, and height of the element:
|
<canvas
id="myCanvas" width="200"
height="100"></canvas>
|
Friday, 8 November 2013
HTML5 provides a standard for playing audio.
Until now, there has never been a standard for playing audio on a
web page.
Today, most audio are played through a plugin (like flash).
However, not all browsers have the same plugins.
HTML5 specifies a standard way to include audio, with the audio
element.
The audio element can play sound files, or an audio stream.
Audio Formats
Currently, there are 3 main formats for the audio element:
|
Format
|
IE 9
|
Firefox 3.5
|
Opera 10.5
|
Chrome 3.0
|
Safari 3.0
|
|
Ogg Vorbis
|
No
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
No
|
|
MP3
|
Yes
|
No
|
No
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
|
Wav
|
No
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
Yes
|
How It Works:
To play an audio file in HTML5, this is all you need:
|
<audio src="song.ogg"
controls="controls">
</audio> |
The control attribute is for adding play, pause, and volume
controls.
Insert content between the <audio> and </audio> tags
for browsers that do not support the audio element:
|
Example
|
The example above uses an Ogg file, and will work in Firefox,
Opera and Chrome.
To make the audio work in Internet Explorer and Safari, add an
audio file of the type MP3.
The audio element allows multiple source elements. Source elements
can link to different audio files.
The browser will use the first recognized
format:
|
Example
|
HTML5 audio Tags
|
Tag
|
Description
|
|
Defines sound content
|
|
|
Defines multiple media resources for media elements, such as
<video> and <audio>
|
Video on the Web
Until now, there has never been a standard for showing video on a
web page.
Today, most videos are shown through a plugin (like flash).
However, not all browsers have the same plugins.
HTML5 specifies a standard way to include video, with the video
element.
Video Formats
Currently, there are 3 supported video formats for the video
element:
How It Works
|
Format
|
IE
|
Firefox
|
Opera
|
Chrome
|
Safari
|
|
Ogg
|
No
|
3.5+
|
10.5+
|
5.0+
|
No
|
|
MPEG 4
|
9.0+
|
No
|
No
|
5.0+
|
3.0+
|
|
WebM
|
No
|
4.0+
|
10.6+
|
6.0+
|
No
|
- Ogg = Ogg files
with Theora video codec and Vorbis audio codec
- MPEG4 = MPEG 4
files with H.264 video codec and AAC audio codec
- WebM = WebM
files with VP8 video codec and Vorbis audio codec
To show a video in HTML5, this is all you need:
|
<video src="movie.ogg"
controls="controls"></video>
|
The control attribute is for adding controls: play, pause, and
volume.
It is also a good idea to always include width and height
attributes.
You should also insert text content between the <video> and
</video> tags for browsers that do not support the video element:
|
Example
|
The example above uses an Ogg file, and will work in Firefox,
Opera and Chrome.
To play the video in Internet Explorer, Safari and Chrome, we must
add an MPEG4 file.
The <video> element allows multiple <source> elements.
<source> elements can link to different video files.
The browser will use
the first recognized format:
|
Example
|
HTML5 video Tags
|
Tag
|
Description
|
|
Defines a video or movie
|
|
|
Defines multiple media resources for media elements, such as
<video> and <audio>
|
|
|
Defines text tracks used in mediaplayers
|
The internet has changed a
lot since HTML 4.01 became a standard in 1999.
Today, some elements in
HTML 4.01 are obsolete, never used, or not used the way they were intended to.
These elements are deleted or re-written in HTML5.
To better handle today's
internet use, HTML5 also includes new elements for better structure, drawing,
media content, and better form handling.
New
Markup Elements
New elements for better
structure:
|
Tag
|
Description
|
|
<article>
|
Specifies independent, self-contained content, could be a
news-article, blog post, forum post, or other articles which can be
distributed independently from the rest of the site.
|
|
<aside>
|
For content aside from the content it is placed in. The aside
content should be related to the surrounding content
|
|
<bdi>
|
For text that should not be bound to the text-direction of its
parent elements
|
|
<command>
|
A button, or a radiobutton, or a checkbox
|
|
<details>
|
For describing details about a document, or parts of a document
|
|
<summary>
|
A caption, or summary, inside the details element
|
|
<figure>
|
For grouping a section of stand-alone content, could be a video
|
|
<figcaption>
|
The caption of the figure section
|
|
<footer>
|
For a footer of a document or section, could include the name of
the author, the date of the document, contact information, or copyright
information
|
|
<header>
|
For an introduction of a document or section, could include
navigation
|
|
<hgroup>
|
For a section of headings, using <h1> to <h6>, where
the largest is the main heading of the section, and the others are
sub-headings
|
|
<mark>
|
For text that should be highlighted
|
|
<meter>
|
For a measurement, used only if the maximum and minimum values
are known
|
|
<nav>
|
For a section of navigation
|
|
<progress>
|
The state of a work in progress
|
|
<ruby>
|
For ruby annotation (Chinese notes or characters)
|
|
<rt>
|
For explanation of the ruby annotation
|
|
<rp>
|
What to show browsers that do not support the ruby element
|
|
<section>
|
For a section in a document. Such as chapters, headers, footers,
or any other sections of the document
|
|
<time>
|
For defining a time or a date, or both
|
|
<wbr>
|
Word break. For defining a line-break opportunity.
|
New Media
Elements
HTML5 provides a new standard
for media content:
|
Tag
|
Description
|
|
<audio>
|
For multimedia content, sounds, music or other audio streams
|
|
<video>
|
For video content, such as a movie clip or other video streams
|
|
<source>
|
For media resources for media elements, defined inside video or
audio elements
|
|
<embed>
|
For embedded content, such as a plug-in
|
|
<track>
|
For text tracks used in mediaplayers
|
The
Canvas Element
The canvas element uses
JavaScript to make drawings on a web page.
|
Tag
|
Description
|
|
<canvas>
|
For making graphics with a script
|
New Form
Elements
HTML5 offers more form
elements, with more functionality:
|
Tag
|
Description
|
|
<datalist>
|
A list of options for input values
|
|
<keygen>
|
Generate keys to authenticate users
|
|
<output>
|
For different types of output, such as output written by a
script
|
New Input
Type Attribute Values
Also, the input element's
type attribute has many new values, for better input control before sending it
to the server:
|
Type
|
Description
|
|
tel
|
The input value is of type telephone number
|
|
search
|
The input field is a search field
|
|
url
|
The input value is a URL
|
|
email
|
The input value is one or more email addresses
|
|
datetime
|
The input value is a date and/or time
|
|
date
|
The input value is a date
|
|
month
|
The input value is a month
|
|
week
|
The input value is a week
|
|
time
|
The input value is of type time
|
|
datetime-local
|
The input value is a local date/time
|
|
number
|
The input value is a number
|
|
range
|
The input value is a number in a given range
|
|
color
|
The input value is a hexadecimal color, like #FF8800
|
|
placeholder
|
Specifies a short hint that describes the expected value of an
input field
|
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